Control In research methodology, particularly in experimental designs, the term control refers to the techniques and procedures used to eliminate or minimize the influence of extraneous variables that could affect the outcome of an experiment. The goal of control is to ensure that the observed effects in a study can be attributed with confidence to
Confounding In research, confounding occurs when an extraneous variable influences both the independent and dependent variables, leading to a mistaken or inaccurate conclusion about their relationship. Confounding variables can distort the results of a study, creating the illusion of a causal relationship where none exists or hiding a true effect. Definition of Confounding A confounding